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was a Japanese swordsman and official of the late Edo Period, famed for his role as commander of the Shinsengumi. ==Background== Isami, who was first known as Katsugorō, was born to Miyagawa Hisajirō,〔Ōishi Manabu 大石学, ''Shinsengumi: saigo no bushi no jitsuzō'' 新選組: 最後の武士の実像. (Tokyo: Chuōkōron-shinsha, 2004), p. 21〕 a farmer residing in Kami-Ishihara village in Musashi Province, now in the city of Chōfu in Western Tokyo.〔Kojima Masataka 小島政孝. ''Shinsengumi yowa'' 新選組余話. (Tokyo: Kojima-Shiryōkan 小島資料館, 1991), p.10〕 He had two older brothers, Otojirō (音次郎; later known as Otogorō 音五郎) and Kumezō (粂蔵; later known as Sōbei 惣兵衛).〔Ōishi, p. 22〕 Katsugorō began training at the Shieikan (the main dojo of the Tennen Rishin-ryū) in 1848.〔''Shinsengumi dai zenshi'' 新選組大全史. (Tokyo; Shin Jinbutsu Oraisha, 2003) p.27; Ōishi, p. 22.〕 As a young man he was said to be an avid reader, and especially liked the stories of the Forty-seven Ronin and the ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''.〔Kojima, p.14〕 His renown as a scholar and his fame at having defeated a group of thieves who tried to break into his family home was great, and caught the attention of Kondō Shūsuke, the third generation master of the Tennen Rishin-ryū.〔''Shinsengumi dai zenshi'', p.27〕 Shūsuke wasted no time in adopting the young Katsugorō in 1849, who first took the name of Shimazaki Katsuta (島崎勝太).〔Kojima, p.95-96.〕 According to a record in the possession of the former Gozu-tennōsha Shrine 牛頭天王社 (now the Hino Yasaka-jinja Shrine 日野八坂神社), Katsuta is listed, with full common name and formal name, as Shimazaki Isami Fujiwara (no) Yoshitake (島崎勇藤原義武), and thus, had the name Isami (勇) as of 1858, the document's date.〔Ōishi, p. 22.〕 Kondō is said to have owned a katana called "Kotetsu" (虎徹), the work of the 17th century swordsmith Nagasone Kotetsu. However, the authenticity of his "Kotetsu" is highly debatable. According to Yasu Kizu's pamphlet on the swordmaker Kotetsu, Kondō's sword may actually have been made by Minamoto no Kiyomaro, a swordmaker of high repute roughly contemporary to Kondō.〔Yasu Kizu, ''Swordsmith Nagasone Kotetsu Okisato'' (Hollywood: W.M. Hawley Publications, 1990), p. 9〕 Kondō and his wife, Otsune, were married in 1860.〔''Shinsengumi dai zenshi'', p.35〕 This was an advantageous match for Kondō; Otsune was the daughter of Matsui Yasogorō (松井八十五郎), a retainer to the Shimizu-Tokugawa clan.〔Ōishi, p. 24.〕 On September 30, 1861,〔27 August, Bunkyū 1 (1861), by the old lunar calendar. See Ōishi, p. 24.〕 Isami became the fourth generation master (''sōke no yondai me'' 宗家四代目) of Tennen Rishin-ryū, assuming the name Kondō Isami and taking charge of the Shieikan.〔''Shinsengumi dai zenshi'', p.27; Ōishi, p. 24.〕 A year later, his daughter Tamako (1862–1886) was born.〔''Shinsengumi dai zenshi'', p.36; Ōishi, p. 24.〕 Kondō's only grandson, Kondō Hisatarō, was killed in action in the Russo-Japanese War.〔Romulus Hillsborough. ''Shinsengumi: The Shogun's Last Samurai Corps.'' (North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing, 2005), p. 183〕 Although he was never employed by the Shogunate before his Shinsengumi days, Kondō was a candidate for a teaching position at the Kobusho in 1862.〔"Kondō Hijikata to Okita no Shinsengumi" 近藤・土方・沖田の新選組. ''Rekishi Dokuhon'', December 2004, p.62.〕 The Kobusho was an exclusive military training school, primarily for the use of the shogunal retainers, set up by the Shogunate in 1855 in order to reform the military system after the arrival of Perry's Black Ships.〔G. Cameron Hurst III. ''Armed martial arts of Japan''. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 148-152.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kondō Isami」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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